HLT54115 Diploma of Nursing
HLTENN001 Practise nursing within the Australian health care system
Written Assessment Student Copy
Instructions to the Student
Welcome to the written assessment. To successfully complete the assessment requirements, you need to follow the following instructions.
Step 1
Read the study guide and the related resources.
Step 2
Read this assessment to gain an understanding of what you need to do to complete the unit. Talk to your trainer or supervisor and ask for help if you need to.
Step 3
Complete all questions in this assessment. Please write clearly in pen (not pencil). You may attach printed answers if you prefer. Do not remove any pages from this assessment.
Step 4
Complete the cover sheet and attach to this assessment. We recommend you make and keep a copy of your assessments.
Step 5
Submit for assessment.
Question 1
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.phcris.org.au/guides/about_phc.php
Primary health care means essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, culturally appropriate and socially acceptable methods. It is universally accessible to people in their communities and involves community participation. Primary health care is integral to, and a central function of, a country’s health system, and is the first level of contact with the health system. Outline the focus of primary health care.
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Question 2
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.communityhealth.in/~commun26/wiki/index.php?title=Primary_health_care
http://www.apna.asn.au/lib/pdf/DefinitionofPrimaryHealthCareNursing.pdf
The ultimate goal of primary health care is better health for all
World Health Organisation
Primary health care is based on a social view of health. In western society the biomedical perspective of health and illness has been dominant in health systems. A social view of health challenges the traditional biomedical model by considering the impact of social and environmental factors on health. Primary health care is the first level of health service delivery and an approach to health care that is underpinned by five basic principles. Outline the principles of primary health care.
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Question 3
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/
http://ruralhealth.org.au/advocacy/current-focus-areas/social-determinants-health
The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including the health system. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels, which are themselves influenced by policy choices. The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities- the unfair and unavoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries.
World Health Organisation
Research how in rural and remote communities health effects of disadvantage can be compounded.
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Question 4
The following website may assist with this question
https://www.coag.gov.au/closing_the_gap_in_indigenous_disadvantage
http://closingthegap.dpmc.gov.au/
Primary health care emphasises the social determinants of health and incorporates a continuum of activities for prevention, health promotion, cures and rehabilitation developed in partnership with communities. Research the Closing the Gap framework.
Part A
Outline the targets under the Closing the Gap framework.
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Part B
Outline the Key Strategies to achieve the set goals.
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Part C
Discuss the Closing The Gap health promotion initiative.
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Part D
Evaluate the Closing The Gap health promotion imitative so far.
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Question 5
All health care is practiced in a social and cultural context. How can the following factors impact on health and illness? Give examples. Including organisational policies and procedures.
Part A
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.who.int/gender/genderandhealth/en/ http://www.who.int/gender/documents/fact/en/
Gender
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Part B
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.aihw.gov.au/socio-economic-disadvantage-and-health/
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features30Mar+2010
Socio-economic status and educational status
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Part C
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0~2010~Chapter~Lifestyle%20behaviours%20(4.1.6.6)
Lifestyle behaviours
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Part D
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.health.qld.gov.au/ph/Documents/saphs/20397.pdf
Culture and ethnicity
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Question 6
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nicm.edu.au/health_information/information_for_consumers/understanding_cm
Complementary medicine (CM) has been defined as the broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health systems, modalities, and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period. CM includes all such practices and ideas self-defined by their users as preventing or treating illness or promoting health and well-being. Boundaries within CM and between the CM domain and that of the dominant system are not always sharp or fixed. Give examples of traditional western interventions and common complementary therapies
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Question 7
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Publications/2013/ctgc-ip07.pdf
http://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Publications/2013/ctgc-rs27.pdf
http://www.aihw.gov.au/uploadedFiles/ClosingTheGap/Content/Our_publications/2014/ctgc_ip12.pdf
http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-facts/summary
What are some of the main health issues facing indigenous people?
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Question 8
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/B92E980680486C3BCA257BF0001BAF01/$File/health-plan.pdf
http://www.health.qld.gov.au/deadly_ears/docs/hp-res-comeffect.pdf
Identify four barriers to health care that some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience.
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Question 9
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-16-2011/No2-May-2011/Delivering-Patient-Centered-Care-in-the-Midst-of-a-Cultural-Conflict.html#CampinhaBacote
A basic premise of culturally sensitive care is that health care professionals must be able to recognise the client’s culture, their own culture, and how both affect the client-provider relationship. Give examples of how you, as an Enrolled Nurse, can practice culturally responsive nursing to a client in your care?
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Question 10
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx#competencystandards
Historically, nursing practice has always included a range of therapeutic approaches and interventions. The term -complementary therapies- encompasses interventions which may complement the care more traditionally provided by nurses and may include but is not limited to therapeutic touch, massage, relaxation, meditation, visualisation, aromatherapy, reflexology, iridology, yoga, and kinesiology. Discuss the issues of complementary therapies in nursing practice. Consider the National Competency Standards for Enrolled Nurses in your answer.
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Question 11
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.mednwh.unimelb.edu.au/pchc/downloads/PCHC_literature_review.pdf
http://connect.jbiconnectplus.org/ViewSourceFile.aspx?0=7121
Individualised nursing interventions contribute to positive client outcomes, such as client satisfaction, client autonomy and perceived health-related quality of life. What nursing interventions could be used in the following care environments to ensure the client and family are at the center of any care provided.
Maternity
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Operating theatre
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Intensive care
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Palliative care
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Question 12
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Health%20care%20delivery%20and%20financing~235
List the Australian Government major health funding mechanisms
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Question 13
The following website may assist with this question
http://health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/phi-rebate&medicarelevy-surcharge
Part A
Depending on their income and family situation, people who take out health insurance may be eligible for a rebate on their health insurance premiums and reduced income taxes. Why does the Federal Government want private health care to continue providing services?
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Part B
How does the government assist private organisations to provide healthcare?
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Question 14
A client is a new arrival to Australia. How would you answer his following questions?
Part A
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Health%20care%20delivery%20and%20financing~235
What is the aim of the national health care funding system?
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Part B
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Health%20care%20delivery%20and%20financing~235
How is the health system funded?
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Part C
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/#t2
How is Commonwealth funding for Medicare provided?
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Part D
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.mbsonline.gov.au/internet/mbsonline/publishing.nsf/Content/Home
What is a scheduled fee?
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Part E
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/services/medicare/medicare-safety-net
What is the safety net?
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Question 15
The following websites may assist with this question
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full.pdf http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129548150
Research the following factors. Examine the impact of these factors on your local community and the Australian community.
Part A
Pollution
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Part B
Sanitation
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Part C
Global patterns of disease
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Part D
Immunisation
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Question 16
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx#competencystandards
Considering the principles of primary health care, how might the practice of the nurse be extended to include primary health care while staying within the Scope of Practice?
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Question 17
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx#competencystandards
Scenario – Discuss the role of the Enrolled Nurse who is working in a Community organisation.
Part A
Multiculturalism and the responsibilities of the Enrolled Nurse
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Part B
Primary health care and the role of the Enrolled Nurse
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Part C
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-system/
Discuss the role of the three levels of government in health care delivery and identify the levels that impact on community centres.
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Part D
The following website may assist with this question http://curriculum.racgp.org.au/statements/multidisciplinary-care/
Identify the importance of interaction and communication within the multidisciplinary team. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 18
Australia’s health system has, by world standards, been describes as both effective and efficient. In Australia, healthcare services and funding are provided by a mixture of government (public) and non-government (private) organisations. The system is supported by regulatory mechanisms and offers a wide range of approaches to health care. Research one of the health issues from the list below, then provide a discussion on the following points:
Health Issues:
• obesity
• cancer
• stress
• asthma
• alcohol/substance abuse
• a communicable diseases a sexually transmitted infection
• HIV/AIDS
• immunisation
• chronic fatigue
• mental illness
• cardiovascular disease
• diabetes mellitus
• suicide
• hepatitis B or C
• dementia
Part A
Describe the issues.
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Part B
Outline the problems of the individual with this condition.
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Part C
Discuss the impact on the community and the health care system.
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Part D
Suggest strategies for management.
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Question 19
Part A
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/
What are the three domains of The Enrolled nurse standards for practice?
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Part B
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/
What other relevant professional documentation should be read in conjunction with The Enrolled nurse standards for practice?
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Part C
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.anmac.org.au/
What is the role of ANMAC?
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Part D
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/About.aspx
What is the role of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia?
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Part E
The following website may assist with this question
https://www.ahpra.gov.au/
What is the role of AHPRA?
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Part F
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nswnma.asn.au/
What is the role of the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation?
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Question 20
Part A
List the range of health care service providers available in your local community. Discuss the roles of interdisciplinary health care teams within each service, for example, a hospital includes a diverse group of health professionals (e.g., nurses, psychologists, social workers, and occupational and physical therapists, medical practitioners) who meet the needs of the client.
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Part B
Research your local area and discuss the primary, secondary and tertiary health care services available in the community. Discuss the strengths and weakness of the Australian Health Care System in your community, for example a weakness may be that there is a lack of primary services with a focus on client education and preventative measures; a strength may be that there is a tertiary health facility.
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Question 21
The following website may assist with this question
http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/holistic-nursing.php
Holistic nursing is a practice of nursing that focuses on healing the whole person. This practice re
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